Abidin, R.R.

Cost to use

PSI-4: Introductory kit (including professional manual, 10 reusable item booklets, 25 answer sheets, and 25 profile forms: $227.00. Professional manual: $80.00 (e-version is also $80.00). A package of 10 reusable item booklets costs $74.00, and a package of 25 hand-scorable answer sheets/profile forms costs $80.00.

PSI-SF: The PSI-SF kit (including professional manual and 25 short form record/profile forms) costs $145.00. The manual costs $80.00 (e-manual also $80.00), and a package of 25 short form record/profile forms costs $90.00. 

PSI Software portfolio: The CD-Rom kit (including PSI-4 and PSI-4-SF software with on-screen help, start-up guide, 5 on-screen administrations of the PSI-4, and 5 on-screen administrations of the PSI-4-SF) costs $604.00. Additional administrations are available at various price points. Please see “Online Resources” for more information.

All prices are in U.S. dollars and are accurate as of March 2016.

PAR, Inc.
16204 N. Florida Ave.
Lutz, FL
33549
Phone: 1-800-331-8378 or 1-813-449-4065
Fax: 1-800-727-9329 or 1-813-961-2196

No copy available from the Knowledge Institute. Contact author or publisher.

PSI-4: Introductory kit (including professional manual, 10 reusable item booklets, 25 answer sheets, and 25 profile forms: $227.00. Professional manual: $80.00 (e-version is also $80.00). A package of 10 reusable item booklets costs $74.00, and a package of 25 hand-scorable answer sheets/profile forms costs $80.00.

PSI-SF: The PSI-SF kit (including professional manual and 25 short form record/profile forms) costs $145.00. The manual costs $80.00 (e-manual also $80.00), and a package of 25 short form record/profile forms costs $90.00. 

PSI Software portfolio: The CD-Rom kit (including PSI-4 and PSI-4-SF software with on-screen help, start-up guide, 5 on-screen administrations of the PSI-4, and 5 on-screen administrations of the PSI-4-SF) costs $604.00. Additional administrations are available at various price points. Please see “Online Resources” for more information.

All prices are in U.S. dollars and are accurate as of March 2016.

1978, 1990, 1995, 2012

3rd edition, 4th edition, Short form (PSI-4-SF), Long form (PSI-4)

Primary: Parenting, family assessment
Secondary: None identified

Parent distress, parent-child interaction dysfunction, and child characteristics.

To assess stress in a parent-child relationship.

This measure may be used to screen for stress in parent-child relationships, to assess risk for child abuse, as part of a forensic evaluation for child custody, or as a baseline or outcome measure for interventions aimed at reducing parent stress and improving family functioning and parenting skills.

Parents of children ages 12 and under.

Please note that, at the present time, all information about the 4th edition comes from the publisher's website.

Self-report.

Parent.

PSI: 101 plus an optional 19-item Life Stress Scale.PSI-SF: 36

Child Characteristics (including adaptability, acceptability, demandingness, mood, distractability/hyperactivity, and reinforcement of parent parts) and Parent Characteristics (including depression, isolation, attachment, role restriction, competence, spouse, and health parts).

In general, on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree).

PSI: 20-25 minutes. PSI-SF: 10-15 minutes.

Measure requires a 5th grade reading level.

Scoring can be done manually or using the PSI Software Portfolio. Scoring takes approximately 15 minutes. Scoring and interpretation requires a degree, certificate, or license to practice in a health care-related field such as clinical psychology, psychiatry, medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, social work, and other allied health care professions, as well as coursework and experience in the administration and interpretation of clinical behavioural assessment instruments.

PSI: Normed on a sample of 2,633 mothers ages 16 to 61, mostly from Virginia. Children's ages ranged from 1 month to 12 years. In terms of ethnicity, the participants were 76% Caucasian, 11% African-American, 10% Hispanic, 2% Asian, and 1% 'other'. A second sample of 200 father was also collected. Fathers ranged in age from 18 to 65 and were 95% Caucasian and 5% African-American. PSI-SF: Developed on a sample of 840 mothers from Virginia. Children's ages ranged from 10 months to 7 years. The children were 47% female and 53% male. In terms of ethnicity, the children were 87% Caucasian, 10% African-American, and 3% 'other'. PSI-4: Normed on a sample of 534 mothers and 522 fathers chosen to reflect the U.S. Census demographics of 2007.

PSI-3: The author reports internal consistency reliabilities (alphas) of 0.70-0.95 and test-retest reliabilities of 0.63-0.96. There were more than 500 studies using the PSI available as of 2005 (Keundig, Ippen, & Mayorga 2005), so it is not possible to review them all here. Please see Abidin (n.d.) in the references section below for an extensive bibliography.

PSI-SF: The author reports internal consistency reliabilities (alphas) of 0.80-0.91 and test-retest reliabilities of 0.68-0.85. There were more than 200 studies using the PSI-SF available as of 2010 (Abidin, n.d.), so it is not possible to review them all here. Please see Abidin (n.d.) in the references section below for an extensive bibliography.

PSI-4: From the normative sample responses, there is reported internal consistency reliabilities (alphas) of 0.78-0.88 for Child Domain subscales, 0.75-0.87 for Parent Domain subscales, and above 0.96 for the Total Stress scale. Test-retest reliabilities were found for the Child Domain as 0.55-0.82, for the Parent Domain as 0.69-0.91, and for the Total Stress scale as 0.65-0.96. Please note that all reliability information for the PSI-4 comes from the Publisher's website.

PSI-3: There were more than 500 studies using the PSI available as of 2005 (Keundig, Ippen, & Mayorga 2005), so it is not possible to review them all here. Please see Abidin (n.d.) in the references section below for an extensive bibliography. Keudig (2005) indicated that the literature has provided evidence of convergent, concurrent, predictive, and discriminative validities. There is also evidence of good sensitivity and specificity.

PSI-SF: There were more than 200 studies using the PSI-SF available as of 2010 (Abidin, n.d.), so it is not possible to review them all here. Please see Abidin (n.d.) in the references section below for an extensive bibliography. Keudig (2005) indicated that the literature has provided evidence of convergent, concurrent, and discriminative validities.

Cost to use

PSI-4: Introductory kit (including professional manual, 10 reusable item booklets, 25 answer sheets, and 25 profile forms: $227.00. Professional manual: $80.00 (e-version is also $80.00). A package of 10 reusable item booklets costs $74.00, and a package of 25 hand-scorable answer sheets/profile forms costs $80.00.

PSI-SF: The PSI-SF kit (including professional manual and 25 short form record/profile forms) costs $145.00. The manual costs $80.00 (e-manual also $80.00), and a package of 25 short form record/profile forms costs $90.00. 

PSI Software portfolio: The CD-Rom kit (including PSI-4 and PSI-4-SF software with on-screen help, start-up guide, 5 on-screen administrations of the PSI-4, and 5 on-screen administrations of the PSI-4-SF) costs $604.00. Additional administrations are available at various price points. Please see “Online Resources” for more information.

All prices are in U.S. dollars and are accurate as of March 2016.

PAR, Inc.
16204 N. Florida Ave.
Lutz, FL
33549
Phone: 1-800-331-8378 or 1-813-449-4065
Fax: 1-800-727-9329 or 1-813-961-2196

Product sites

PSI short form

PSI full-length form 

Abidin, R.R. (n.d). Bibliography for the Parenting Stress Index Lutz, FL: PAR, Inc.

Abidin, R.R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index Short Form Test Manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.

Ben-Sasson, A., Soto, T. W., Martínez-Pedraza, F., & Carter, A. S. (2013). Early sensory over-responsivity in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders as a predictor of family impairment and parenting stress. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(8), 846-853.

Chung, K. M., Ebesutani, C., Bang, H. M., Kim, J., Chorpita, B. F., Weisz, J. R., ... & Byun, H. (2013). Parenting Stress and child behavior problems among clinic-referred youth: Cross-cultural differences across the US and Korea. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 44(3), 460-468.

Ippen, C.G., Kuendig, C., & Mayorga, L. (2005). Parenting Stress Index, Short Form.

Dardas, L. A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index with parents of children with autistic disorder. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(6), 560-571.

Gray, P. H., Edwards, D. M., O’Callaghan, M. J., Cuskelly, M., & Gibbons, K. (2013). Parenting stress in mothers of very preterm infants—Influence of development, temperament and maternal depression. Early human development, 89(9), 625-629.

Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 43(3), 629-642.

Kidwell, K. M., Nelson, T. D., & Van Dyk, T. (2013). Parenting stress and child physical health among a low-income sample: The moderating role of child anxiety. Journal of health psychology, 1359105313512352.