Bullinger, M., & Ravens-Sieberer, U.

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Free for all non-profit or research institutions but a user form must be filled out. For all other uses there is a license fee of €400 per language and version.

University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
Center for Psychosocial Medicine
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
Prof. Dr. phil. Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, MPH, Deputy Clinical Director, Head of Research,
Research Director "Child-Public-Health" 
Martinistr. 52, W 29 (Erikahaus)
20246 Hamburg, Germany
E-mail: ravens-sieberer@uke.de

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Free for all non-profit or research institutions but a user form must be filled out. For all other uses there is a license fee of €400 per language and version.

1994, 1998

Original, revised (1998), Kiddy-KINDLR (for ages 4-7), Kid-KINDLR (for ages 8-12), Kiddo-KINDLR (for ages 13-16), two proxy versions for parents (4-7 year olds and 8-16 year olds), short form

Primary: Quality of life, wellbeing
Secondary: None identified

Quality of life.

To assess health-related quality of life in healthy and ill children and adolescents.

Can be used to assess the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents, or as a screening tool in public and school health care settings.

Children and adolescents ages 4-16

None at this time

Self-report or interview (in the case of young children who are unable to read).

Child or adolescent being assessed; interviewer.

24 (12 for short form version). Also 6 disease-specific modules: obesity, asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, neurodermatitis, oncology, and spina bifida.

Physical well-being, emotional well-being, self-esteem, family, friends, and everyday functioning.

3-point Likert Scale from 1(never) to 3(very often).

5-15 minutes

None (self report). A supervisor (i.e. a parent or guardian) is recommended for young children who may not have an adequate reading level.

Scoring is done manually. Sub-scale and Total scores are given (total score only for short version). No specific qualifications necessary for scoring and interpretation are indicated.

Two sample groups. First sample group: 1,501 students in the fourth (n=918) and eighth (n=583) grades. Average ages of the participants were 9.7 and 14.1 years old for the fourth and eighth graders, respectively. 48.3 % were girls and 51.7% were boys. Second sample group: 1,050 children and adolescents from seven different rehabilitation clinics in Germany. 50.7% were girls and 49.3% were boys. Average age of the participants was 12.6 years. Three specific diagnostic groups were bronchial asthma (n=245), atopic dermatitis (n=163), and obesity (n=633).

The authors reported internal consistency reliabilities (alphas) of 0.63-0.84. Further studies have reported alphas of 0.53-0.95 and inter-rater (parent-child) agreements of 0.23-0.51.

The authors report evidence of discriminative validity and extensive convergent validity. Further studies have reported evidence of discriminative validity and extensive convergent validity.

Free – permission required

Free for all non-profit or research institutions but a user form must be filled out. For all other uses there is a license fee of €400 per language and version.

University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
Center for Psychosocial Medicine
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
Prof. Dr. phil. Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, MPH, Deputy Clinical Director, Head of Research,
Research Director "Child-Public-Health" 
Martinistr. 52, W 29 (Erikahaus)
20246 Hamburg, Germany
E-mail: ravens-sieberer@uke.de

KINDL questionnaires English version

KINDL manual_English version

Bullinger, M., Brütt, A.L., Erhart, M., & Ravens-Sieberer. (2008). Psychometric properties of the KINDL-R questionnaire: Results of the BELLA study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(suppl 1), 125-132.

Erhart, M., Ellert, U., Kurth, B. M., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2009). Measuring adolescents' HRQoL via self reports and parent proxy reports: an evaluation of the psychometric properties of both versions of the KINDL-R instrument. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 7, 77.

Helseth, S., & Lund, T. (2005). Assessing health-related quality of life in adolescents: Some psychometric properties of the first Norwegian version of KINDL. Scandanavian Journal of Caring Science, 19(2), 102-109.

Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Bullinger, M. (1998). Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: First psychometric and content analytical results. Quality of Life Research, 7(5), 399-407.

Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Bullinger, M. (2000). Manual KINDL. Berlin, Germany.